Social Media and Violence

Why are so many young people turning to prescription drugs to get high? By survey, almost 50% of teens believe that taking prescription drugs is much safer than using illegal street drugs. Prescription drug abuse is a major issue that does not seem to be moving towards a solution. There's a reason why prescription drugs are intended to be taken under a doctor's direction if people don’t use them as they are to be taken, they can be extremely dangerous. Despite what many people think, abusing prescription drugs is not safer than abusing illicit drugs.The facts do state that prescription drugs can have dangerous short and long-term health consequences when used incorrectly or by someone other than they were intended for. Medicines are drugs that are intended to speed up or slow down or change something about the way your body is working, to try to make it work better. Sometimes they are necessary. But they are still drugs: they act as stimulants or sedatives, and too much can ki ll you. So if you do not use medicines as they are supposed to be used, they can be as dangerous as illegal drugs.People take drugs because they want to change something in their lives. Here are some of the reasons young people have given for taking drugs: * To fit in * To escape or relax * To relieve boredom * To seem grown up * To rebel * To experiment Young people think drugs are a solution. But eventually the drugs become the problem. To some it may be difficult to face problems, the consequences of drug use are always worse than the problem a person is trying to solve with them. The real answer is to get the facts and not to take drugs in the first place.Something that is not known by most young people is the risk they are taking by consuming these highly potent and mind altering drugs. Long term use of painkillers can lead to dependence, even for people who are prescribed them to relieve a medical condition but eventually get caught up in an addiction. In many cases, the dange rs of painkillers don’t surface until it is too late. In 2007, abuse of the painkiller Fentanyl killed more than 1,000 people. The drug was found to be thirty to fifty times more powerful than heroin. Association, 2012) Prescription painkillers are powerful drugs that interfere with the nervous system’s transmission of the nerve signals we perceive as pain. Most painkillers also stimulate portions of the brain associated with pleasure. So, while blocking pain, they produce a high. The most powerful prescription painkillers are called opioids. They are manufactured to react on the nervous system in the same way as drugs made from the opium poppy, like heroin. The most commonly abused opioid painkillers include oxycodone- is the number one abused prescription drug and has the greatest dangers.It is as powerful as heroin and affects the nervous system the same way, hydrocodone, meperidine, hydromorphone and propoxyphene. (htt2) According to the National Center on Addictio n and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, teens who abuse prescription drugs are twice as likely to use alcohol, five times more likely to use marijuana, and twelve to twenty times more likely to use illegal street drugs such as heroin, ecstasy and cocaine than teens who do not abuse prescription drugs. (Association, 2012)What is our government doing to help? In 2011 the Obama Administration with the help of the National Drug Control Strategy came up with a prescription drug abuse prevention plan and is as follows. * Education. A crucial first step in tackling the problem of prescription drug abuse is to educate parents, youth, and patients about the dangers of abusing prescription drugs, while requiring prescribers to receive education on the appropriate and safe use, and proper storage and disposal of prescription drugs. * Monitoring.Implement prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in every state to reduce â€Å"doctor shopping† and diversion, and enhance PDMPs t o make sure they can share data across states and are used by healthcare providers. * Proper Medication Disposal. Develop convenient and environmentally responsible prescription drug disposal programs to help decrease the supply of unused prescription drugs in the home. * Enforcement. Provide law enforcement with the tools necessary to eliminate improper prescribing practices and stop pill mills. (htt4)Prescription drug addiction is a huge problem and appears to be growing. All people of life are affected by prescription drug abuse. Drug abuse in any form is a very serious issue and should be addressed as quickly as possible. http;//kidshealth. org/teen/drug_alcohol/drugs/prescription_drug_abuse. html http://www. theantidrug. com/drugabuse/prescription-drug-rx-abuse/default. aspx http://www. whitehouse. gov/ondcp/prescription-drug-abuse Association, A. p. (2012). School Librarian's Workshop, 32(4), 6. In Dealing with drugs.

What Used to Be a Great Past Time

Summary Response Essay 16 July 2012 What Used to be a Great Pastime Going to the movies has been a great pastime for many people in our society. The experience of going to the movies has changed over the years in America. It seems like the past years rudeness at the movie theaters has increased making the movie theater experience worse for everybody. Rudeness at the movie theaters has changed, now there are people always talking and ruining the movie, and people that bring small children with them to adult movies which can be very distracting with the children’s crying and ruining the movie for everyone else in the theater.In an article titled â€Å"Rudeness at the Movies,† Bill Wine talked how people being rude in the movie theater is an actual experience. Wine talks about different ways people can be rude at the theaters by distracting others. He also talks about how the complete movie theater experience that he doesn’t get as a movie critic; because he is a mo vie critic he is use to a private quiet theater with other critics. This shows how much of an experience it is to go the a public theater with the distractions and what also makes coming to the movies an attraction.Wine states in his article that the laughing crowd helps a lot during comedy movies. â€Å"Especially with comedies, the infectiousness of laughter is an important is an important ingredient of movie-watching pleasure† (741), these experiences actually make going to the movies an experience hated by some and loved by others. These actions are hated by some because there are obnoxious people into the theater. People often talk before and during the movies which is very annoying and people who has already seen the movie will talk about upcoming parts.Wine shows many times that people can be rude at the movie theaters but even though it is obnoxious it may help the experience (Wine 740-742). In the article â€Å"Rudeness at the Movies,† the author Bill Wine, it is quite obvious how people can be obnoxious in the movie theaters and how going to the movies can be torturous. He talks about people talking and distracting others in the movie theaters. Wine makes a good point when he talks about a women talking about upcoming parts in the movie being watched, â€Å"Tell them about the pie eating scene, Harry. Wait’ll you see it. It comes just before you find out that the daughter killed her boyfriends.It’s great† (740), says the woman in Wine’s article. I had a similar incident one time with people behind me; they were trying to guess what would happen next in the movie; I found it distracting and I didn’t enjoy the movie. He also talks about when groups come in, especially groups of kids, and become really loud. I remember going to the movies experiencing something similar to what was mentioned on page 741, that Boy Scouts came in and started to make a ruckus; I used to be in Boy Scout’s and we actuall y got kicked out of the movie because we were too loud, fooling and joking around.Bill Wine made some pretty good points on how a movie experience can be pretty bad in today’s society. Rudeness at the movies has become a major problem for one of the greatest pastimes. Wine made good points by bringing up how people talked about upcoming scenes in the movie ruining the movie for others around. He also made a good point about how bringing groups of kids can be distracting like the group of Boy Scouts being a huge distraction starting candy eating competitions. Movie theaters, what was once used as a getaway is now a place that may ruin your cinema experience.

Identify several reasons entrepreneurial organizations seek Essay

Identify several reasons entrepreneurial organizations seek opportunities for innovation - Essay Example izations seek an innovation opportunity is because since they are new and bringing a sense of change within them, finding new pathways is quintessential towards their basis. If they do not change, they might become stagnant within their tasks immediately and hence their work domains would suffer immensely. The need is to pinpoint where anomalies are and how best to get rid of them. The aspect of newness must not appear as a deterrent towards completing tasks in an able and effective way. This is the need of the hour as far as the entrepreneurial organizations are concerned and more so today. The second reason belongs to the employees since they are not well aware and require new avenues for help and assistance as far as their work manifestations is related. As they are a part of an entrepreneurial organization, they might not be at ease with a number of work tasks which other employees from varied organizations are already educated about (Prabhu, 1999). Hence innovation helps their cause to move ahead with full throttle and at breakneck speed. The employees must be trained and if this training does not come about under the aegis of the entrepreneurial organization, they could be sent off to other training institutes or organizations so that when they come back, they are well aware of how entrepreneurial organizations essentially work and what is expected of them in the long run. The third reason why entrepreneurial organizations require innovation is because they have to follow the footsteps of their competitors which could both be huge organizations as well as small companies. The need is sought to compare the domains of this entrepreneurial organization with these other business regimes to solicit success within their own realms. If the competitors are far ahead of these entrepreneurial organizations, then this means that the latter have to make amends, and for that they must go to any limit to make sure that their progress and development is manifested in a

Coalition politics in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coalition politics in America - Essay Example The political divisions, however, were far from being permanent or fixed. In fact, there were many instances when alliances shift from one political camp to another, a time when coalitions reshape in the most drastic manner. The debate only proved how volatile American politics is. The most effective method of determining such precariousness is by observing and analyzing how the political balance of forces increase and decrease according to the growth and break-up of coalitions and alliances. The health care reform issue is definitely an issue that does not involve only the dominant political parties. It is an issue that divides society depending on the individual citizen’s point of view when it comes to the right of a person to health care services. Most health care service providers in the US are owned by private business entities. Aside from this, the health insurance system is also largely controlled by private companies too although a few state-operated health insurance programs also exist. Under such circumstance, when both health care service and insurance business are profit-oriented, it is natural for a big number of people to not have the ability to avail of such services. There is about 15 percent of the population that is not insured, while 21 percent are underinsured and are, therefore, incapable of paying for the bills in medical services. (Families USA) Consequently, thousands of people do not have access to necessary medical attention for the treat ment of various diseases. A statistical report admitted that â€Å"lack of health insurance causes roughly 18,000 unnecessary deaths every year in the United States." (IOM) The irony, which the report pointed out, is that this is a problem that exists in one of the world’s richest and most industrialized nations. There is seemingly a consensus among the public and even among the legislators and the executive department of the

Group report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Group report - Research Paper Example In this country, the Australian green investment is likely to find a healthy business environment where they will enjoy the monopolistic competition (Belohlavel, 2013 pg 123). On the other hand, even though the advantages for this foreign investment in Taiwan are likely to outdo the disadvantages, for any business operation and investment there must as well be difficulties. Some of the drawbacks that may affect the green field investment by the Australian may include; adapting to the political and legal systems in Taiwan, the market segmentation, the socio-cultural beliefs of the people of Taiwan. It will, therefore, be a matter of great importance for this foreign direct investment (FDI) to strategically outline and consider the various external and internal business environments they are likely to face in Taiwan as foreign business destination (Blaine, 2008 pg 98). The population in Taiwan as well will be considerate for the investment though as one of the developed countries they embrace technology, therefore, for the Greenfield investment to be efficient and effective in Taiwan most of their operations will always revolve around machinery. The structure of our business-based report as Australians is to analyse the disadvantages as well as the advantages of implementing Greenfield business system in Taiwan as a developed country. This report will finally recommend on the uniqueness of the business investments in Taiwan, as opposed to the other developed world countries. Advantages and Disadvantages of Investing In Taiwan Advantages Taiwan is one of the most regionally integrated regions in the world for the foreign direct investments. The legislation in Taiwan welcomes and provides for various constitutional rights of these investors. One of the common favourable structures of business is the use of different currencies, which are in the stock exchange of this country (Faith, 2010 pg 143). The Australian Greenfield, therefore, is not an exception in the mark eting rights, in the Taiwan government. This is one of the basic factors that will attract these foreign investors into Taiwan as a country. The other advantage in Taiwan that encourages investment is the well-developed infrastructure in Taiwan (Gorynia et al, 2013 pg 121). One of the important features of the developed countries is the aspect of well-established infrastructures starting from the transport and communication, health and lastly water and sanitation. This aspect will smoothen the running of the Greenfield business investment by this Australian in Taiwan. This as well will provide for minimum operations in terms of time, which will greatly improve the efficiency of this investment in Taiwan. The third aspect on the advantages is on the political economy environment in Taiwan. The well-structured political environment, in Taiwan, has urged enticed most of the foreign investors into the country (Great Britain, 2000 pg149). The Greenfield investment, therefore, is likely t o settle in this country due to its peaceful political and social environment, which paves the way for a healthy investment environment. Lastly, the country is strategically located hence; accessibility to various parts of the world will be possible by these Australian based investors. Accessibility of a region is one of the factors that influence investment

American Music History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Music History - Essay Example This first part of the book also illustrates how more cultured music began developing in America through the formation of singing schools as a means of improving the music used in church and then how music began expanding to become more secular in nature as it emerged as a primary source of entertainment. Part two examines America’s shift to a more European form of musical expression in the addition of various complexities such as harmony and multi-instrumental pieces despite a continued love for earlier musical forms in the country and singing schools. Music became more varied as well, as minstrel shows featured white people mimicking the songs of the African American slaves and concerts grew in popularity. Soloists were fewer but remained popular, often touring the country to provide entertainment. From the culture of mixed musical sounds grew entirely new forms of musical expression such as ragtime, mountain music, honky-tonk, swing, jazz and the blues, which is the primary topic of the third part of the book. The country’s love for much of jazz music led to the formation of the Big Bands, which became popular during the 1930s and necessitated the creation of arranged tunes instead of the earlier improvised versions and the diversification of jazz overall. Part four highlights the influence of Latin dances on the American music scene and the ways in which country-western merged with jazz and the blues to create rock and roll. Motown, Soul and the British invasion through the Beatles and the Rolling Stones are included in this part of the book. Punk, New Age, Grunge, Rap and the introduction of electronic instruments are also discussed in this segment. Part five turns its attention to the entertainment aspects of America’s musical scene in things such as Burlesque, Vaudeville, operettas, revues, Broadway and the American musicals. The incorporation of music into almost all of America’s popular

Filmmaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Filmmaking - Essay Example So one of the most important things to be considered while filmmaking is the ethical dimensions to the subject, to the story, to the articulation of different scenes, to the moral justification of the utilization of media for creating awareness or creating a means of violence in the minds of audience (Maccarone p.200). In most cases, the ethical considerations are mostly ignored by the filmmaker and only the major attention is given towards utilizing it for earning huge sums of money. Ethics are a continuous issue that is required to be carefully considered while filmmaking. This hard decision-making is extremely dominant in documentaries development, due to the difficulties linked in shooting â€Å"social actors or ‘real people’ (Nichols p.2). More significantly, the ethical matters confronted by a filmmaker dissent amongst each of the modes of documentary. Each peculiar documentary mode impersonates different conventional choices that must be attained in order to function in an ethical style. Two such documentary films made in order to expose the way ethics should be considered when commencing a documentary are ‘Capturing the Friedmans’ in 2003 and ‘Etre at Avoir’ in 2001. These films had been created in distinct documentary modes, spotlighting that none o f the modes facilitates the ethical decisions linked with it. Moreover, the fact that needs to be considered is the way the choices of styles in each mode may impact the power relationships amongst the filmmaker, subject of the film and its audience, (Nichols p.10). The significance of ethics while filmmaking, is ignored as they appear in the filmmaking world to lead the behavior due to lack of such rules and guidelines (Nichols p.20). It has been argued by Bill Nichols that the important question to think is the way the people are treated around which the whole documentary is based. As mentioned afore, despite of the type of film making, the filmmakers should be

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS - Assignment Example The average minutes that I use in physical fitness training, every day, is equal to 50.8. The figure is from data collected for duration of 10 days. The list number of minutes spent on physical fitness training is 38 minutes and the highest number of minutes is 60. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. The standard deviation of the above data is 9.33 meaning that, on average, every value of the collected data is far from the mean by 9.33 units. Data falling within the range include 60,60,38,38,58,58,58,41,41,56, meaning that 100 percent of the sample is within the range. For normally distributed data, only 5 percent of the value should fall outside the above range. Therefore, the above data is normally distributed. Additionally, the data does not have any outlets, which reflects the fact that it is normally distributed. A curve for a normally distributed data is bell shaped and symmetric, meaning that the data has an equal spread on both sides of the curve (William, 2003). The data is also continuous on both sides of the bell shape. Comparing normally distributed data and non-normal data, the estimates from normal data are more accurate compared to estimates from data that is not normally distributed (Bryc, 2013). When defining normally distributed data, one must specify two quantities, including the mean ( µ) and the standard deviation (ÏÆ').which reflects the spread of the curve. Different values of the mean and standard deviation yield different normal curves thus different normal distributions. Besides the 95 percent test, 99.7 percent test is also applicable while determining if data is normally distributed. 99.7 percent of all the values should fall within three standard deviations from the mean. In other words, they should fall between  µ-3ÏÆ' and  µ+3ÏÆ' (Berman, 2013). More than 99.7% of the data fall within the range reflecting the fact that the data has a normal distribution. One of it implications

People, Organizations and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

People, Organizations and Management - Essay Example The organization structure depicted narrowed perspectives due to the separateness of the different divisions. Horizontally it was separated in to divisions the two main ones being electronics and sales. Managers must have had difficulties and used a lot of time to relate to sales for instance which is an exclusively different division from product development. Consequently the reactions of the company in response to consumer demands were made more challenging. The organization structure was professional bureaucratic. In addition internal cooperation and effective communication may have been an issue. Oticon’s basic organizational design and structure differs from hotel easy due to its larger size and hence structural concepts likely to be more formal, decisions more central, experience more specialized and operations more complex. Initially, the organization vertically had a tall hierarchy with six levels of management. Easier communication and Decisions made are impeded since these processes become very slow in a company with many layers of hierarchy. The authority is mostly centralized and there was a lot of formalization. This structure does not expose the managers to other fields apart from their own. The managers have not the opportunity to observe how the all the departments interact and collectively perform. Previously option’s executives did not understand the interrelationships and the interdependence between the departments and hence ultimately what results is that the executives are only equipped with experiences in handling top management responsibilities hence the company’s goals and market needs do not mingle as they should. However the structure’s advantages are that it had well defined channels of authority and the structure minimized duplication of personnel and equipment than the one he later adopted. Functional structure makes it easier to monitor. The new C.E.O attempted to change this initial structure to

Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Genetically Modified Food Essay In 1973, scientists discovered something that has the potential to change the world we live in forever they discovered Genetic Modification. Genetic modification is exactly what it sounds like it is the modification of genes inside a living organism. This of course could be used on humans or animals but as soon as this discovery was made safety precautions were put into place to stop people using this new technology in the wrong way. The secret to genetic modification of genes lies in the plasmid. A plasmid is a ring of DNA inside bacteria and can be used to change the genetic message inside the bacteria. For example if you were to want to create insulin you would extract the insulin producing gene from the pancreas cell of a human and cut open the plasmid and insert it the gene. This new DNA created is called recombinant DNA. The bacteria would then go on to produce human insulin. Since this is the basis of how this technology works it can also be transferred to foods. Scientists are now looking how they can genetically modify food in the world to make it better and hardier than the food nature produces. Some foods have already been genetically modified and are being grown widely throughout the United States. Crops such as Soya, Cotton, Maize and Potatoes are already modified and sold throughout the country. Scientists have genetically modified these crops to make them resistant to herbicides (weed killers) and to create their own poison that kills pests that eat the crop. These highly advanced crops are more likely to produce food for harvesting than normal crops would. With this new genetically modified food it raises issues about just what can be done with it. Places such as Africa which have lots of drought may find that a crop could be developed that would be resistant to drought and could actually survive the harsh conditions and produce crops. A crop that is being developed right now is rice that contains vitamin A that can easily be absorbed into the body. Since poorer countries have a serious lack of vitamin A this new crop would help them to gain the nutrients they need to be healthy. These two crops could be a huge help to world hunger. More food could be produced and the food would make the people that eat it healthier. However, there cant only be good news about GM food or else it would be put into production throughout the world. Many are concerned that GM crops could have a huge impact on the environment. Many say scientists are playing around with something that they dont understand and could damage wildlife and the environment. Concerns of how the GM crops would affect wildlife are a big concern. It has been found out that the crops that have built in poisons to kill pests could also kill other animals such as butterflies. This could have an impact on the food web that the butterfly is apart of. There are also worries of a superweed being created accidentally by the gene that makes the crop resistant to herbicides. People are worried that this gene could get into a weed and make it resistant to the chemicals that are used to kill it. This would make it very difficult to rid crops of weeds and they could have the potential of spreading across the world. Other worries of GM crops include cross-pollination of other plants with these super crops. Farmers that grow organic food may find that some pollen from a GM Crop has pollinated with their crop and made a new hybrid plant. Overall it would appear that there are both positive and negative aspects to the genetic modification of crops. On the positive side there is the possibility that world hunger could be helped by these new crops. However there are the negative aspects that GM crops could have an irreversible impact on the world and environment in which we live in. If further tests were conducted on how GM crops would affect the world in which we and many other species live, maybe there could be some agreement on how we should go about using this new technology that has been discovered. Eventually genetic modification may be taken to new heights by genetically modifying humans and animals to be stronger and smarter. But hopefully this will not be so because then scientists would really be messing around with something that they are not sure about. This could also have huge impacts on the world.

This Assignment Is About Collaborative Practice Nursing Essay

This Assignment Is About Collaborative Practice Nursing Essay The first part is this one (part A). It includes a practice scenario which I have been exploring in classroom sessions, to be discussed in terms how a policy likeour health our care our say, which influences service user involvement and integration of services; and how this relates to interprofessional working. For the second part (part B), a self-assessment of my level of development is required, using the provided self-assessment document which is related to the Interprofessional Capability Framework through reflections. Our health our care our say is the National Policy that I am going to examine in this assignment, to show how it influences interprofessional working with service users. It was published in January 2006 and it is aiming for more effective health and social care services outside hospital. Its logo is This policy is a new direction for community services. It sets out the governments vision for high quality support meeting peoples aspirations for independence and greater control over their lives, making service flexible and responsive to individual needs. That means that it targets for a person-centred environment in the health and care area. The scenario that I chose concerns Jane, a single young mother of two children, who was diagnosed with locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix. She underwent a radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node sampling and she is currently undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Jane habitually smokes and drinks. In the following part, the consequences of this patients behaviour are going to be analysed, since it seriously influences the results of her health care. ? MAIN PART As it was previously stated, this assignment is about the service user involvement and integration of services. A service user is essentially any individual who receives the impeccable, selfless and person-oriented service from the health and social care policy; if that policy is as perfect and person centred as they claim it to be, is a topic that will be analysed further along in this assignment. The level of the users involvement is heavily fluctuated. People should be encouraged to be involved in health care at levels that they are comfortable with, but at the same time be empowered through information, training and other support to get to the level of involvement to which they may aspire. (session) the service user should be able to make choices from a range of options. They cannot do this if they do not know what is available and whether they are entitled to it. For effectively delivering health and social care services, it is essential that professionals must work collaborative and the service user to be involved in their care. According to Hippocrates in the 5th BC; the role in the patient care is not exclusively part of physicians work, but patients must also participate in order for a smoother and less problematic cure to take place. This argument can be explicitly justified when observing a patient that displays non-compliance behaviour, since it makes the work for the cure of that patient almost impossible. In this case, Jane is the service user since she has been through a variety of services (assessed and treated by a physiotherapist, join a local smoking cessation group which is run by a small team of nurses and physiotherapists to support her in giving up smoking on a permanent basis, begin radiotherapy treatment and chemotherapy with cisplatin). Though, she is not active at all. With her attitude like missing her appointments in t he radiotherapy treatment, stop attending in the local cessation group for giving up smoking, she shows that she doesnt want to understand the importance of her treatment and how much is going to help her the cessation group to become well, in order to raise her children. Through interprofessional and collaborative working, professionals can take on a number of roles to promote this involvement. Collaborative working is about engaging in partnership with other professionals and those we care for (Whittington, 2003). Furthermore it can be argued that no profession by its own can meet all the needs of its service users. Nevertheless, by using the skills and expertise of all members of the multiisciplinary team in an integrated way, it can be ensured that all the needs of those people using the services are met. The significance of mutual respect in a working environment, as well as understanding and co-operation, with the combination of good communication and collaborative working is really important. It inevitably offers a person-centred environment, in which users of services experience high quality care that minimises risk and prohibits as far as possible serious mishaps and service breakdown. Wittington states in his work that, if there is no collaborative working between the health care professionals service isolation and fragmentation can result in lack of co-ordination, poor communication with service users, users spending longer periods away from home and increased service costs. (Wittington, 2003) Subsequently, for the Governments drive to shift the ideology from the requirements of the service to needs of the user, various key policy advancements have been established during the last few years, that altered the structure of the health and social care. Each development has greatly influence the manner that health and social care professionals conduct their service, the way the provision of services is provided and the experience of this service for the service user Our health our care our say is aiming to achieve four main goals. Firstly, it is aiming to provide better prevention services with earlier intervention in the health and social care services. This is going to be achieved by collaborative practice between the GP and Primary and Care Trusts (PCTs) with local government services, by having a personalised service which is going to advice and support the public (Makely, 2005). For example, cancer support services are providing advice and support, not only in the cancer patients but also to their families. In the cancer support services, there should be work specialist who can provide individual support. Secondly, it aims to give to people more choice and a louder voice by providing them the ability to choose and influence social and primary care. Briefly, one of the suggestions is to present a GP practice list to the public, thus giving them the choice to get the information they want and understand what services are available in their ar ea. For the people who are not so confident using this list there are going to be GP practices to offer face to face communication in opening times. According to the NHS website (NHS The National Centre for Involvement, 2008), on April 2008 the LINks (Local Involvement Networks) was set up. These are networks that are run by local people and groups, who inquire peoples opinion, whilst monitoring the delivery of care and using their authority to oblige service to account on their actions. This is helpful in the better understanding of what the community necessitated from the commissioners and the managers of health and care services. The other aim is to try to do more on tackling inequalities and improving access to community services. That means that local health and social care commissioners will work together to understand and address local inequalities. Again, forums, websites and networks like the LINks are going to help these care providers, allow councils to access a wide rang e of views, helping to develop care pathways and with this way is going to improve the services and help people who need specific care and support such as people with particular needs like mothers, ethnic minorities, people at the end of their lives and others to get the service that they require (NHS The National Centre for Involvement, 2008). And the final aim is to support more the people with long-term needs like people with disabilities. Because they need to have a clear understanding of their condition and what they can do, so they are more likely to take control of their lives. This aim is going to be achieved by developing a programme which is going to give the information that the people with longterm health and social care needs and by developing assistive technologies to support these people in their own homes. For this aim, collaborative working will be necessary, since they have to deal with not only with health problems of the people with long-term needs but also with social problems. (Makely, 2005) A variety of professionals like psychologists, physicians, social supporters, counsellors are going to contribute in the best support of these people. Our health our care our say policy explores a variety of aspects on Janes story. It mostly covers general health and social issues. For example, the fact that Jane is a single mum and she does not work, the above policy is aiming to help these kind of people, by supporting them and finding them the appropriate service to help them. Despite the fact that Jane believes that she does not need any help from any support worker, I think a guidance and some financial support, will enable her to trust the system and make her keen in listening the professionals. Moreover, Jane smokes and drinks which aggravates her health problems considerably. It has been suggested to her, to go to local cessation group which was running by small team of nurses and physiotherapists, but she stopped attending to that appointments. Collaborative working between the services is necessary since they inform each other that Jane does not attend to that local group and in the radiotherapy treatment she misses a lot of appointments. The professionals that have worked with Jane, observed that changes mood and she sometimes goes to treatment drunk and she has an non- compliance behaviour. All this information is probably going to be discussed in MDT meetings, so they find some ways to help this mother so that she can realise the importance of her treatment. From Janes story, it is evident that even the radiotherapists want to help her, but they cannot, because as a free-will individual she demonstrates her unwillingness to not follow the instructions of the professionals and not listening at all what the professionals are telling her. It is evident therefore that, for effectively delivering health and social care services, is vital that professionals must work collaboratively and the service users to be actively involved in their own personal care. This position has been empirically accepted as a better method for conducting health and social care. The abovementioned, can be observed in the advancements made during recent years, as a result of carefully driven policies which tend to support public awareness of their medical condition, and encourages patient involvement in the process of their care. These policies also sustain that local inequalities should be eradicated, mainly through giving a stronger voice to patients; in this way enforcing patient involvement in their personal care. Nonetheless, despite the fact that these reform policies have introduced a considerable level of improvement towards a better health and social policy, the idea of a service user receiving the impeccable and ideal health care (ment ioned in the begging of the assignment) is still a long way to go. This is proven by genuine case studies like Janes, which is a great example of the ineffectiveness that some parts of the social and health care currently display. But one must take into account the progress of these policies, and anticipate even more improvement in the health care plan with the introduction of new policies, so that people like Jane can enjoy an effective health care. ? PART B REFLECTION ON MY DEVELOPEMENT NEEDS DOMAIN: Collaborative Working Description: During my placement, I had been asked to take an old lady in the transport services, since the support workers were busy. In the way to the transport services, the old lady said that she was feeling sick, and she threw up. At the same time a radiotherapist came and she asked me to help her with the care of this patient. I brought her some medication from the pharmacy. The radiotherapist then assigned me the responsibility to stay with her and take care of her, because she was needed to work back in the treatment machine. When I was sure that the patient could be left alone for a couple of minutes, I went to the reception and informed them on what happened and made sure that they were going to contact the transport services. The transport services arranged it and when the patient felt better, they took her home. Feelings: I felt proud for myself since I acted responsibly. I used my interpersonal skills and communicated successfully with the reception, so the transport services would be aware of the situation in time and arrange transport for the patient. Evaluation and analysis: Feeling the need to take the responsibility and take care the old lady, shows that I am more confident about myself and my skills. Also, the fact that the radiotherapist assigned me the care of the patient, demonstrates that she knew my skills and she believed in me. By accomplishing successfully this task I showed that I develop my interpersonal skills by communicate reception and make sure that the lady will go home safely without causing any trouble to other patients. Now I am able to say that I met the capability CW2 L1 Recognises the need for effective interpersonal skills to enhance person focused service. In the action plan (appendix) I introduced a series of actions to accomplish the Level 3 of this capability. DOMAIN: Reflection Description Feelings: I was observing, a radiotherapist doing a first day patient chat when the radiotherapist realised that the patient was not well informed about the side effects of the treatment since the doctor never talked about it. I was annoyed , when I realised that the patient signed the consent form but he did not know about the side effects since it is a big impact in patient life during and after radiotherapy, so I asked the radiotherapist after the patient left, why the doctor did not inform the patient and if that was appropriate. The radiotherapist told me that the specific doctor does it, because he knows that the radiotherapists are going to repeat the side effects. But it is still not appropriate since the patient must be well informed and fully aware before signing anything. Evaluation and analysis: I was aware of what the patient should know about his treatment when he is coming for the first day chat, is because I have seen a variety of first day chats and I had been in the clinics for a while with the doctor and the patients will they were signing the consent forms. It is showed that the experience I had help me to critical appraise the situation and ask for explanations why the patient was not aware properly. After this incident, I can prove that I am able to say that I met the capability R2 L1 Is aware of evidence-based practice in service delivery. DOMAIN: Cultural Awareness Ethical Practice Description: A patient needed a translator to communicate with us in the department. It was the first time I was in that situation and I observed what everybody did for that. They were using body language while they were speaking slowly. I was the one who brought the patient in the room. I was not aware of the situation of the patient and when I realised that he did not know any English I was shocked, however I did not show it and I waited to see how that situation would continue and how the staff and doctors would react. I escorted the patient into the room and identified him (Name, date of birth and first line of his address). Feelings: In the beginning, I did not know how to react in this kind of situation. When I was identifying the patient, I did not know where I should look at when I was making the questions, the patient or the translator? So I thought carefully what was more appropriate and I tried to watch both of them while I was identifying the patient, but mostly I was looking the patient since he was the service user. Evaluation and analysis: I found it quite a nice experience, mainly because it was surprised me the whole situation. In clinic room I was observing carefully what is going around me and how everybody was reacting so by the end of the meeting between the patient and the doctor, I would know how to react properly, too. I liked the way I reacted when I realised that the patient was not speaking English. I stayed calm and I reacted the way I was going to react with every other patient. I checked his ID and asked how he was feeling. I just felt a little uncomfortable when I didnt know where to look, the patient or the interpreter, so I was trying to look both of them. From the way that the doctor was reacting I learnt that I should look directly at the patient and talk to him. Nevertheless, there is a need to speak slower with more pauses so that the interpreter can translate correctly. Now I am able to say that I met the capability CAEP2 L1 Recognises examples where participation and inf ormed decision are critical in promoting the well being of people who use services and I have made an action plan for further development. DOMAIN: Organisational Competence Description Feelings: Last year, in the IIP module we worked through some activities. One of the activities was to get a scenario of a patient story and from there to conclude which services the patient should visit. With this activity, every member of the team was identifying his role in the scenario and from there we understand each others role in order to treat the patient. I was surprised by the knowledge that I gained with that activity. I learnt about the other professions role in the health and care community. Evaluation and analysis: It was satisfying gaining knowledge through activities. Now I am able to suggest to a patient which of the services to use to get the appropriate care for his/her problem. In addition for further development of my skills I made an action plan. (appendix). I met the capability OC2 L1 Is aware of team structures within the community of practice. ?

Internet Censorship Essay -- Short Stories Technology Papers

Internet Censorship Max walks into the classroom five minutes late, his shirt untucked and hardly buttoned. He sits down a few desks away from Ben who had arrived five minutes early and was waiting patiently for class to start. Although the boys seemed completely opposite, Ben the more conservative and shy one, while Max, a little more rebellious and mischievous, they were best friends and did most everything together. A few weeks into their fifth grade year, the teacher announced that they would begin doing reports on their favorite animal. They knew that this was the first year they were able to use the computer lab in the library and the idea of being able to use the internet excited them. Mrs. Howard sent the class to the library for the next period so they could start researching information about their animals. Some of the kids wandered around the second floor looking for books pertaining to their projects and some chose to start their search on the internet. Max and Ben went to the computer lab, found an open computer and began to browse different search engines looking for information about their animals. Max became bored with this idea and began searching sites of his own interest. Finally he found one that appealed most to him. â€Å"Hey Ben come look at this!† Max said. â€Å"What is it?† Ben rolled his chair over to Max’s computer screen and looked at what Max had pulled up. â€Å"Max, you’re going to get in trouble, you better get that off there.† â€Å"No way man, this is awesome†¦let’s look at some more.† The site that Max had clicked on was a pornographic web page containing many obscene pictures Aof naked women and other adult content. Although Ben felt unco... ...e room they see their 7 year old daughter Katie playing around on the computer. They noticed that the screen had a big caption in the middle stating that the site wasn’t able to be accessed. Curious to know what the blocked site was, Mr. Miller clicked the â€Å"Back† button and saw â€Å"Take a Wild Ride in Barbie Land† in big purple letters. Right away he knew that Barbie wasn’t referring to the actual doll and was relieved to know his daughter would never get to see the contents of that site. He looked at his wife and sighed, â€Å"Thank God we decided to install NetNanny onto our computer. You never know what these kids could have gotten into if we weren’t around.† â€Å"I agree honey. Now all we have to do is convince all those other parents and teachers to feel the same way about installing them at school. Hopefully we can get our plan to work.†

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury :: essays research papers

The Book I read was called Fahrenheit 451. Written by Ray Bradbury. Fahrenheit 451 took place in the 24th century. It was about a society that frowned on curiosity and outlawed books. The story focuses around a man named Guy Montage, A man who burns books for a living. The book talks about Guy and his enlightenment towards books and how he discovers himself in the process. There were 5 main character in this book. The main character in the story was Guy Montage, a fireman/pyromaniac. The firemen in this story were actually people who started fires In order to prevent people from reading books. Guy enjoyed his job A little to much he became obsessed with it. Guy had a wife named Millie; She was a pill popping suicidal snob who was obsessed with material things. Guy had a boss named Captain Beaty, A representation of everything that is wrong with society and who encourages Guy to set fires. The person who encourages Guy to experience life is a teenager named Clarisse. The man who eventually acts as a mentor to Guy is a retired English Professor named Faber. The theme of the story is to not let society completely engulf you. I think that bradbury wanted us to read this story and Think to ourselves could this happen to us? I Think That all of Bradburys books are all similar in that they all try to make us think what could and might happen. The way things are going I Think the complete opposite will happen, less and less censorship. Although Both will lead to the same outcome of people being Miserable and sad. Bradbury has a very unique writing style. He writes stories that are totally unbelievable and yet makes them believable. I think that what I enjoy most about reading his books is his way of describing things so sharply and precise that it makes you feel like your in the story. I think that his books scare me a little, In that he writes them so real that I sometimes believe that the stories could happen in actual life.

Theodore Roethke Essay -- modern American poetry

Theodore Roethke â€Å"Roethke was a great poet, the successor to Frost and Stevens in modern American poetry, and it is the measure of his greatness that his work repays detailed examination† (Parini 1). Theodore Roethke was a romantic who wrote in a variety of styles throughout his long successful career. However, it was not the form of his verse that was important, but the message being delivered and the overall theme of the work. Roethke was a deep thinker and often pondered about and reflected on his life. This introspection was the topic of much of his poetry. His analysis of his self and his emotional experiences are often expressed in his verse. According to Ralph J. Mills Jr., â€Å"this self interest was the primary matter of artistic exploration and knowledge, an interest which endows the poems with a sense of personal urgency, even necessity† (Contemporary Authors 476). Roethke was born in 1908 in Saginaw, Michigan to Otto Roethke and Helen Huebner. He demonstrated early promise in a Red Cross campaign speech as a high school freshman. This speech was translated into twenty-six different languages and showed that he had talent and potential even at a young age. He graduated magna cum laude from the University of Michigan in 1929, and was pressured to move on to law school by family members. However, he was not interested in law and dropped out in order to take graduate courses in literature at Harvard University. Allan Seager concluded, â€Å"it was more than an unsuppressible awareness of life that led him to choose poetry as a career† (Contemporary Authors 475). He took up various teaching positions afterwards at colleges including Lafayette College, Pennsylvania State University, Bennington College, and final... ...uminaries who had an effect on his writing were Leonie Adams, Emily Dickinson, Rolfe Humphries, Stanley Kunitz, and Emily Wylie (1). â€Å"At the University of Washington, Roethke found talented protà ©gà ©s in Carolyn Kizer, David Wagoner, and James Wright† (Kalaidjian 2). He is well known for his influence on this subsequent generation of award-winning poets. Works Cited Parini, J. â€Å"Roethke, Theodore.† Chambers Biographical Dictionary. Ed. Melanie Perry. New York: Larousse Kingfisher Chambers Inc, 1997: 1584. â€Å"Roethke, Theodore.† Encarta 2002. CD-ROM. Redmond, WA: Microsoft 2002. â€Å"Roethke, Theodore (Huebner).† Contemporary Authors. Volumes 81-84. Ed. Francis Carol Locher. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1979: 475-479. â€Å"Theodore Roethke’s Life and Career.† Walter Kalaidjian. 1999.

Public Speaking Self Reflection Essay

During the first week of class we learned about presentations and talking in front of people. At which each individual experienced nervousness and fear. As we gave our presentations each person was given a critique on strengths and weaknesses. I saw many weaknesses in my presentation and intend on working on finding ways to improve them into strengths. Some anxiety signs I noticed were speaking too fast and moving around. I feel maybe I rushed the presentation and possibly distracted by my thoughts and material in my hands. I didn’t have the correct mind set to calm down and speak clearer and slower. I wanted to get the presentation over with so I think I went in with the mind set of doing it fast. I think one way to work on that is take my presentations more seriously and find ways to enjoy them. Looking at the class while speaking may also contribute to this, because they seemed just as disinterested as I was. I think that may have messed with my head a bit but I need to work on ways to look and feel more enthusiastic, that way the class can feel the same. What I hope to accomplish in this class is get rid of the anticipation and nervousness I get before and during speeches and presentations. Though I don’t have a  problem speaking in front of people, I want the feeling to be second nature to me. Ways to improve that is practice talking with strangers and giving speeches or presentations in front of friends and family. If I can’t talk in front of my friends and family, then chances are I can’t do it in front of strangers. In conclusion, it was refreshing to get feedback from your peers in order to better yourself. A lot of times the presentation goes well in our head, or least we think so, but it doesn’t quite come out exactly like you thought. Having the kind of criticism is healthy because even though we practice, we don’t notice things about ourselves, like body language or tone of voice. Practice doesn’t make perfect but practice makes permanent. If you practice wrong, you risk bad habits and risk doing it wrong.

College Success Essay

Some people may think that, the most un-responsible person can become a successful college student in today world; but without personal responsibility you have no self-meaning because everyone is responsible for the actions and decisions they make. Personal responsibility to me is the first step in becoming successful and without personal responsibility you are setting yourself up for failure in college and life. Lorii (2013) once said that; The power behind taking responsibility for your actions lies in putting an end to negative thought patterns. You no longer dwell on what went wrong or focus on whom you are going to blame. You don’t waste time building roadblocks to your success. Instead, you are set free and can now focus on succeeding. (p . 1) Personal obligation, relates to study skills, is taking charge of one’s own learning. It implies completing assignments on time, studying for tests, taking the responsibility for one’s own learning mistakes or failures, and performing to the best of one’s ability. Personal responsibility recognizes the importance of parents and teachers as learning partners but puts the student in charge. (â€Å"Personal responsibility†, n. d). Without personal responsibility you will not have success. Becoming a successful college student, there are many personal responsibilities that you have to be accountable for. If you are not a responsible student in college, you are not going to be successful. The most important responsibility is attendance. If you do not show up to class , you are missing out on important information that is discussed in the class and now you have to take on an extra responsibility of finding out what went on in class and when you are going to find time to make up the work. After being responsible for attendance, now you have to be responsible for completing your work, and then participation. As you can see personal responsibility and being a successful college student comes hand to hand. That is why you have to have personal responsibility and be liable for them to become successful in life. Devoid of personal responsibility you are setting yourself up for failure. he â€Å"Personal responsibility† (n. d) website stated that; † being responsible is a learned behavior. It is not an accident and it requires patience and effort. If you want to be more responsible and practice the skills that will help you, you can become more responsible† There are a lot of things that can be referred to as personal responsibility. For example a plan is a part of personal responsibility. It is you responsibility to make a plan for yourself regarding things you want to accomplish in life. No one else is going to take time out of their day or go out of their way to make a plan for you on how to become successful in college or while looking for a job, while they have their own personal responsibilities to handle. As a college student I want to be successful, so in order for me to be successful I came up with not only 1 plan but 2 plans that can back me up just in case one fails. My plans for becoming successful as a college student include my duties as I am being personally responsible. Some of those duties include; planning certain days and times I would be able to complete school work, study times, and major projects. My plan also includes planning ahead, doing assignments or overlooking assignments before they are due so that I know which ones I should work on first depending on which assignment I find more challenging. My second plan just includes my second approach to finding time in my schedule to do my work and to find time to study. Another one of my plans is making a schedule of things I have to complete when I’m not in school. These tasks are important to complete on time because if I am backed up in my personal life, then I would be backed up in my school work as well. Personal responsibility is so important for anyone who wants to be successful because without it you would be lost and confused this is why I say without personal responsibility you are setting yourself up for failure. In conclusion, although some people may think that, the most irresponsible person can become a successful college student in today’s world, without personal responsibility for two main reasons. First, lacking personal responsibility you are setting yourself up for failure. Furthermost importantly, everyone is responsible for the actions and decisions they make. Personal responsibility to me is the first step in becoming successful college student. What kind of introduction did you write for your expository essay? What other types of introductions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? What makes your introduction type more effective than another introduction type for your particular essay? What kind of conclusion did you write for your expository essay? What other types of conclusions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? What makes your conclusion type more effective than another conclusion type for your particular essay? The type of introduction I used to write for my expository essay was a quotation introduction. I could have also started my essay with a question or fact. The reason I chose this type of introduction was because I feel that an interesting quote would grab the reader attention and make them wonder where I am going with this essay. The type of conclusion that I picked to finish my essay was a simple summary of my main points. I could have ended my essay with more facts or questions to give the reader something to think about. The reason for me choosing a summary conclusion was because I felt that I had enough information in my essay for the reader to take away and to think twice about my main points and facts. I did not want to add any more information at the end because then I would have to provide evidence, which would turn my conclusion into another body paragraph.

Larry Ellison Essay

Lawrence Joseph â€Å"Larryâ€Å" Ellison is a co-finder of Oracle Corporation. It’s one of the world’s leading enterprise software company. As of 2012 he is considered one of the wealthiest men alive, with a net worth of $41 Billion. His Early Years Larry Ellison was born in Manhattan, New York City. His mother, Florence Spellman, was an un-married 19-year-old of Jewish women, and his father was an Italian American U.S. Air Force pilot. After Larry Ellison was born he was very sick with pneumonia at the nine months, his mother realized that she was unable to care for him anymore, and arranged for him to be adopted by her aunt and uncle in Chicago. Lillian Spellman Ellison and Louis Ellison adopted him when he was nine months old. Lillian was the second wife of Louis Ellison, an immigrant. Larry Ellison did not meet his biological mother again until he was 48. Ellison grew up in a two-bedroom apartment in Chicago’s South Shore middle-class Jewish neighborhood. Louis, his adoptive father, was an government employee who had made a small fortune in Chicago real estate, he lost it during the Great Depression. Larry was a very intelligent young man, he unfortunately had to leave because his adopted mother (his aunt) passed away . After her passing Ellison went to Northern California to attend University of Chicago. In 1964, he moved to Northern California permanently. His Career During the 1970s, Ellison worked for Ampex Corporation. Ellison was inspired by the paper written by Edgar F. Codd on database systems called â€Å"A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks†. In 1977, he founded Software Development Laboratories. In 1979, the company was renamed Relational Software Inc. later it was named Oracle. In 1994, Informix took over Sybase and became Oracle’s most important rival. In April 1997, Informix announced a major decrease in their earnings; Phil White soon landed in jail, and Informix was again taken over by IBM in 2001. Also in 1997, Ellison was made a director of Apple Computer after Steve Jobs came back to the company. Ellison resigned in 2002. In April 2009, Oracle announced its intent to buy Sun Microsystems. On August 9, 2010, Ellison let Hewlett-Packard’s board go for firing CEO Mark Hurd .Ellison and Hurd are close personal friends. On September 6, Oracle hired Mark Hurd and made him Co-President. Ellison refused to take the CEO position. Ellison owns stakes in Salesforce.com, NetSuite, Quark Biotechnology Inc. and Astex Pharmaceuticals. On June 20, 2012 it was reported that Ellison had agreed to buy the 98 percent of the Hawaiian island of Lana’i. The price was reported to be between $500 million and $600 million

Mobile television Essay

Mobile television is television watched on a small handheld or mobile device. It includes pay TV service delivered via mobile phone networks or received free-to-air via terrestrial television stations. Regular broadcast standards or special mobile TV transmission formats can be used. Additional features include downloading TV programs and podcasts from the internet and the ability to store programming for later viewing. According to the Harvard Business Review, the growing adoption of smartphones allowed users to watch as much mobile video in just three days of the 2010 Winter Olympics as they watched throughout the entire 2008 Summer Olympics – an increase of 564%.[1] DMB in South Korea History The first pocket-sized mobile television was sold to the public by Clive Sinclair in January 1977. It was called the Microvision or the MTV-1. It had a 2-inch CRT screen and was also the first television which could pick up signals in multiple countries. It measured 102Ãâ€"159Ãâ€"41mm and was sold for less than  £100 in the UK and for around $400 in the US. The project took over ten years to develop and was funded by around  £1.6 million in British Government grants.[2][3] Mobile TV is one of the features provided by many 3G phones. In 2002, South Korea became the first country in the world to have a commercial mobile TV CDMA IS95-C network, and mobile TV over 3G (CDMA2000 1X EVDO) also became available that same year. In 2005, South Korea also became the first country in the world to have mobile TV when it started satellite DMB (S-DMB) and terrestrial DMB (T-DMB) services on May 1 and December 1, respectively. Today, South Korea and Japan are at the forefront of this developing sector.[4] Mobile TV services were launched by the operator CSL in Hong Kong, March 2006, on the 3G network.[5] BT in the United Kingdom was the among the first companies outside South Korea to launch Mobile TV in September 2006, although the service was abandoned less than a year later.[6] The same happened to â€Å"MFD Mobiles Fernsehen Deutschland†, who launched their DMB-based service June 2006 in Germany, and stopped it in April 2008.[7] Also in June 2006, mobile operator 3 in Italy (part of Hutchison Whampoa) launched their mobile TV service, but opposed to their counterpart in Germany this was based on DVB-H.[8] Sprint started offering the service in February 2006 and was the first US carrier to offer the service. In the US Verizon Wireless and more recently AT&T are offering the service. In South Korea, mobile TV is largely divided into satellite DMB (S-DMB) and terrestrial DMB (T-DMB). Although S-DMB initially had more content, T-DMB has gained much wider popularity because it is free and included as a feature in most mobile handsets sold in the country today. Challenges Mobile TV usage can be divided into three classes: †¢ Fixed – Watched while not moving, possibly moved when not being watched †¢ Nomadic – Watched while moving slowly (e.g. walking) †¢ Mobile – Watched when moving quickly (e.g. in a car) Each of these pose different challenges. Device Manufacturer’s challenges †¢ Power consumption – Continuous receipt, decoding, and display of video requires continuous power, and cannot benefit from all of the types of optimizations that are used to reduce power consumption for data and voice services. †¢ Memory – To support the large buffer requirements of mobile TV. Currently available memory capabilities will not be suited for long hours of mobile TV viewing. Furthermore, potential future applications like peer-to-peer video sharing in mobile phones and consumer broadcasting would definitely add to the increasing memory requirements. The existing P2P algorithms won’t be enough for mobile devices, necessitating the advent of mobile P2P algorithms. There is one start-up technology that claims patentability on its mobile P2P, but has not drawn attention from device manufacturers yet. †¢ Display – Larger and higher-resolution displays are necessary for a good viewing experience. †¢ Processing power – Si gnificantly more processor performance is required for mobile TV than that used for UI and simple applications, like browsers and messaging. Content Provider’s challenges †¢ Mobile TV specific content – Mobisodes: mobile episodes of popular shows which are relatively shorter (3 to 5 minutes), to suit the likely viewing habits of the mobile TV user. Digital TV North America As of January 2012, there are 120 stations in the United States broadcasting using the ATSC-M/H â€Å"Mobile DTV† standard – a mobile and handheld enhancement to the HDTV standard that improves handling of multipath interference while mobile.[9] The defunct MediaFLO used COFDM broadcast on UHF TV channel 55. Like satellite TV, it was encrypted and controlled by conditional access (provided via the cellular network). It required a subscription for each mobile device, and was limited to the AT&T Mobility or Verizon Wireless networks. Broadcast mobile DTV development While MediaFLO uses the TV spectrum and MobiTV used cell phone networks,[10] â€Å"mobile DTV† (ATSC-M/H) uses the digital TV spectrum. At the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) show in April 2007 in Las Vegas, the ATSC and 8VSB methods for delivering mobile DTV were shown. A-VSB (Advanced VSB), from Samsung and Rohde & Schwarz, was shown at the previous year’s show. In 2007, LG, whose Zenith Electronics came up with 8VSB, introduced (with Harris Group) its Mobile-Pedestrian-Handheld (MPH) system. As the broadcast networks began making their content available online, mobile DTV meant stations would have another way to compete. Sinclair Broadcast Group tested A-VSB in fall 2006, and its KVCW and KVMY were participating in the mobile DTV product demonstrations at the NAB show. A-VSB had worked in buses at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Mobile television Show. ION Media Networks started a test station on channel 38, which was to be used for digital LPTV, to use for a single-frequency network (SFN). In some areas, more than one TV transmitter would be needed to cover all areas. Mobile DTV could have been used at that time because it would not affect HDTV reception. A single standard, however, had to be developed.[11] At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2009, the first prototype devices from LG and other manufacturers were demonstrated, including receivers for cars from Kenwood, Visteon and Delphi. It was announced that 63 stations in 22 markets would debut the service in 2009. Gannett Broadcasting president David Lougee pointed out that many of those attending the inauguration of Barack Obama would likely hear him but not see him; had the new technology been in place, this would not have been a problem.[12] In April 2009, the Open Mobile Video Coalition, made up of over 800 broadcast stations, selected four test stations: Gannett’s WATL and ION’s WPXA-TV in Atlanta, and Fisher Communications’ KOMO-TV and Belo’s KONG-TV in Seattle. WPXA had begun mobile DTV broadcasting on April 1. The others would start in May.[13] Later in 2009, ION said it was making available HDTV, standard definition and Mobile DTV streams using its affiliates in New York City and Washington, D.C. The â€Å"triple-play† concept was part of an effort to create a Mobile DTV standard. At the time, only those with prototype receivers could pick up the streams. ION Chairman and CEO Brandon Burgess said mobile DTV lets stations â€Å"think beyond the living room and bring live television and real time information to consumers wherever they may be.†[14] The Advanced Television Systems Committee started work on mobile DTV standards in May 2007, and manufacturers and sellers worked q uickly to make the new technology a reality. The OMVC persuaded LG and Samsung to work together starting in May 2008 so that differing systems (possibly a self-destructing format war) would not delay or kill the technology. Early in July 2009, the ATSC Technology and Standards Group approved the ATSC-M/H standard for mobile DTV which all members green-lighted October 15. The public could be using the new devices by 2010, though watching TV on cell phones seemed unlikely in the near future since telephone manufacturers did not yet include that capability. The technology was expected to be used for polls and even voting.[15][16] By the end of the year, the ATSC and the Consumer Electronics Association began identifying products meeting the standard with â€Å"MDTV†.[17] Paul Karpowicz, NAB Television Board chairman and president of Meredith Broadcast Group, said This milestone ushers in the new era of digital television broadcasting, giving local TV stations and networks new opportunities to reach viewers on the go. This will introduce the power of local broadcasting to a new generation of viewers and provide all-important emergency alert, local news and other programming to consumers across the nation.[16] Later in July, the first multi-station tests began in Washington, D.C., while single stations in New York City and Raleigh, North Carolina already offered mobile DTV. The OMVC chose Atlanta’s WATL and Seattle’s KONG as â€Å"model stations† where product testing could take place. 70 stations in 28 media markets planned streams by the end of 2009. The Washington test would involve WPXW-TV, WUSA, WDCA, WRC-TV, WHUT-TV, WNUV in Baltimore, and WNVT, a part of MHz Networks, a multicasting service. All of the stations would have two of more channels each, with â€Å"electronic service guide and alert data† among the services. 20 sellers of equipment would use these stations to test using the existing standard, but testing the final standard would come later, and tests by the public would happen in 2010, when many more devices would be ready. Obviously, manufacturing large numbers of the devices could not take place without the final standard. LG, however, began mass-producing chips in June. ION technology vice president Brett Jenkins said, â€Å"We’re really at a stage like the initial launch of DTV back in 1998. There are almost going to be more transmitters transmitting mobile than receive devices on the market, and that’s probably what you’ll see for the next six to nine months.† Devices would eventually include USB dongles, netbooks, portable DVD players and in-car displays.[18] White House officials and members of Congress saw the triple-play concept in an ION demonstration on July 28, 2009 in conjunction with the OMVC.[19][20] Another demonstration took place October 16, 2009 with journalists, industry executives and broadcasters riding around Washington, D.C. in a bus with prototype devices. Included were those who would be testing the devices in the Washington and Baltimore markets in January 2010.[21] On August 7, 2009, BlackBerry service began on six TV stations–WISH-TV in Indianapolis; WAVY-TV in Hampton Roads, Virginia; KRQE in Albuquerque, New Mexico; WANE-TV in Fort Wayne, Indiana; WALA-TV in Mobile, Alabama; and KXAN-TV in Austin, Texas. 27 other stations will eventually offer the service, and LIN TV, which developed the BlackBerry service, has an iPhone application planned.[20] By October, 30 stations were airing mobile DTV signals, and that number was expected to be 50 by year-end. Also in the same month, FCC chair Julius Genachowski announced efforts to increase the amount of spectrum available to wireless services.[16] Also in August, WTVE and Axcera began testing a single-frequency network (SFN) with multiple transmitters using the new mobile standard. The RNN affiliate in Reading, Pennsylvania had used this concept since 2007.[22] Richard Mertz of Cavell, Mertz & Associates says VHF won’t work as well for mobile DTV because a 15-inch antenna or some other solution would be required, although he has heard from people who had no problems. An amplified antenna or higher power for the transmitting station would likely be needed, as well as repeater stations where terrain is a problem.[23] Lougee, whose company planned testing in its 19 markets in 2010, said the chip designs with the new devices made targeted advertising possible.[21] In December 2009, Concept Enterprises introduced the first Mobile DTV tuner for automobiles. Unlike earlier units, this one will provide a clear picture without pixilation in a fast-moving vehicle, using an LG M/H chip and a one-inch roof-mounted antenna. No subscription wil be required.[24] Also in December, the Consumer Electronics Association hosted a â€Å"plugfest† in Washington, D.C. to allow manufacturers to test various devices. More than 15 companies, and engineers from different countries, tested four transmission systems, 12 receiver systems, and four software types.[17][25] On December 1, News Corp. chairman Rupert Murdoch said mobile DTV would be important to the future of all journalism, and he planned to offer TV and possibly newspaper content in this way.[26] At the January 2010 Consumer Electronics Show, NAB head Gordon H. Smith disputed the idea that broadcasting’s days were numbered, calling mobile DTV the proof over-the-air television would continue its popularity. He said people would use cell phones and other devices to watch, and broadcast technology would be the best way to do this. Wireless broadband, which some wanted to replace broadcasting, would not be able to handle the demand for video services.[27] ION’s Burgess showed off one of the first iPhones capable of receiving mobile DTV, while ION’s Jenkins showed an LG Maze and a Valups Tivit; the latter sends signals to the iPod Touch and will soon work with the Google Nexus.[28] Sinclair Broadcast Group director of advanced technology Mark Aitken said the mobile DTV concept of multiple transmitters would help free up spectrum for wireless broadband in rural areas but not large cities. He also explained to the FCC that mobile DTV was the best method for sending out live video to those using cell phones and similar devices.[29] The OMVC’s Mobile DTV Consumer Showcase began May 3, 2010 and lasted all summer. Nine stations planned to distribute 20 programs, including local and network shows as well as cable programs, to Samsung Moment phones. Dell Netbooks and Valups Tivits also received programming.[30] On September 23, 2010, Media General began its first MDTV service at WCMH-TV in Columbus, Ohio and had plans to do the same a month later at WFLA-TV in the Tampa Bay, Florida area and five to seven more stations in its portfolio.[31] On November 19, 2010, a joint venture of 12 major broadcasters, known as the Mobile Content Venture, announced plans to upgrade TV stations in 20 markets representing 40 percent of the United States population to deliver live video to portable devices by the end of 2011.[32] Brian Lawlor, a Scripps TV senior vice president, said that, in September 2011, Scripps stations would offer an â€Å"app† allowing people with an iPhone or iPad to see emergency information (e.g. weather bulletins) in the event of a power outage.[33] In 2012, a number of stations plan to conduct tests of the Mobile Emergency Alert System (M-EAS), a system to deliver emergency information via mobile DTV.[34] In January, 2012, the MCV announced that MetroPCS would offer MCV’s Dyle mobile DTV service. Samsung planned an Android phone capable of receiving this service late in 2012.[35] At the end of 2012, Dyle was in 35  markets and capable of reaching 55 percent of viewers.[36] At the NAB show in April 2012, MCV announced that 17 additional television stations will launch mobile DTV, bringing the total to 92, covering more than 55% of US homes. Included are stations in three new markets – Austin, Texas, Boston, Massachusetts, and Dayton, Ohio.[37] In September 2012, WRAL-TV announced rollout of a Mobile Emergency Alert System based around mobile digital television technology.[38] A process called Syncbak uses cell phones rather than TV spectrum.[39] References [1] [2] [3] [4] Looking for TV Genius? | Red Bee Media (http:/ / www. tvgenius. net/ blog/ 2011/ 01/ 31/ 4-ways-smartphones-save-tv/ ) Clive’s achievements (http:/ / www. sinclair-research. co. uk/ about-srl. php) Sinclair Research Video and TV gear (http:/ / www. retrothing. com/ video_tv/ index. html), Retrothing.com NYTimes.com via Yahoo! Finance: Mobile TV Spreading in Europe and to the U.S. (http:/ / biz. yahoo. com/ nytimes/ 080506/ 1194771946810. html?. v=18), May 6, 2008 [5] 3G UK: The service is based on the Golden Dynamic Enterprises Ltd. (http:/ / www. 3g. co. uk/ PR/ March2006/ 2732. htm)’s â€Å"VOIR Portal† (http:/ / findarticles. com/ p/ articles/ mi_m0EIN/ is_2006_Dec_4/ ai_n16881105) and follows the 3GPP standard 3G-324 M. The same service is also deployed to Philippines in 2007. [6] ZDnet: BT ditches mobile TV service (http:/ / news. zdnet. co. uk/ communications/ 0,1000000085,39288247,00. htm), 26 July 2007 [7] Broadband TV news: MFD hands back German T-DMB licence (http:/ / www. broadbandtvnews. com/ ?p=4682), May 1, 2008 [8] The Register: DVB-H rockets ahead in Italy (http:/ / www. theregister. co. uk/ 2006/ 07/ 28/ dvbh_success_in_italy/ ), 28 July 2006 [9] OMVC announces sizable growth in number of MDTV stations at CES | RF content from Broadcast Engineering (http:/ / broadcastengineering. com/ RF/ OMVC-mobile-DTV-presence-announces-growth-CES-01192012/ index. html) [10] Thompson, Mark (2010-06-03). â€Å"mobile tv cell phone networks:† (http:/ / mobitv. com/ technology/ managed-service-platform). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2010-06-03. [11] Dickson, Glen (2007-04-14). â€Å"NAB: Mobile DTV Hits the Strip† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 108538-NAB_Mobile_DTV_Hits_the_Strip. php). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-21. [12] Dickson, Glen (2009-01-11). â€Å"CES: Broadcasters’ Mobile DTV Moment† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 161893-CES_Broadcast ers_Mobile_DTV_Moment. php?rssid=20102& q=broadcasters+ mobile+ dtv+ moment). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-03. [13] Dickson, Glen (2009-04-20). â€Å"NAB 2009: Broadcasters Set Mobile DTV Test Markets† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 209447-NAB_2009_Broadcasters_Set_Mobile_DTV_Test_Markets. php?rssid=20068& q=broadcasters+ set+ mobile+ dtv+ test+ markets). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-17. [14] Dickson, Glen (2009-06-29). â€Å"ION Broadcasts Mobile DTV in N.Y., D.C.: Hails Its Digital TV â€Å"Triple Play†Ã¢â‚¬  (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 307120-ION_Broadcasts_Mobile_DTV_in_N_Y_D_C_. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-02. [15] Dickson, Glen (2009-07-06). â€Å"ATSC-M/H voted to proposed standard status† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 307463-Mobile_DTV_is_Almost_Official. php?rssid=20065& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-08. [16] Dickson, Glen (2009-10-16). â€Å"Mobile DTV Standard Approved† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 358341-Mobile_DTV_Standard_Approved. php?rssid=20292& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-10-16. [17] Dickson, Glen (2009-12-16). â€Å"ATSC Launches Certification Program For Mobile DTV† ( http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 440764-ATSC_Launches_Certification_Program_For_Mobile_DTV. php?rssid=20102& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-17. [18] Dickson, Glen (2009-07-13). â€Å"Special Report: Mobile DTV Heats Up† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 314792-Special_Report_Mobile_DTV_Heats_Up. php). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-15. [19] Dickson, Glen (2009-07-22). â€Å"ION, OMVC Organize DTV Showcase in D.C.† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 316065-ION_OMVC_Organize_DTV_Showcase_in_D_C_. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-22. [20] Eggerton, John (2009-08-07). â€Å"LIN TV Develops Blackberry App For Mobile TV Service† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 326796-LIN_TV_Develops_Blackberry_App_For_Mobile_TV_Service. php?q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-08-11. [21] Eggerton, John (2009-10-16). â€Å"OMVC Doe s Mobile DTV Tour† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 358415-OMVC_Does_Mobile_DTV_Tour. php?rssid=20103& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-10-23. [22] Dickson, Glen (2009-12-18). â€Å"WTVE Tests SFN For Mobile DTV† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 441031-WTVE_Tests_SFN_For_Mobile_DTV. php?rssid=20065& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2010-01-13. [23] Jessell, Harry A. (2009-09-24). â€Å"Digital VHF Needs A Power Boost† (http:/ / www. tvnewscheck. com/ articles/ 2009/ 09/ 24/ daily. 2/ ). TVNewsCheck. . Retrieved 2009-10-15. [24] Gilroy, Amy (2009-11-09). â€Å"First Mobile DTV Car Tuner At $499† (http:/ / www. twice. com/ article/ 388144-First_Mobile_DTV_Car_Tuner_At_499. php/ ). TWICE. . Retrieved 2009-11-10. [25] Dickson, Glen (2009-12-02). â€Å"Mobile DTV Picks Up Speed† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 394993-Mobile_DTV_Picks_Up_Speed. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-03. [26] Eggerton, John (2009-12-01). â€Å"Murdoch Says Mobile TV Is Key to Future† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 391233-Murdoch_Says_Mobile_TV_Is_Key_to_Future. php?rssid=20070& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-03. [27] Dickson, Glen (2010-01-07). â€Å"CES 2010: Broadcasters Tout Mobile DTV Progress† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 442953-CES_2010_Broadcasters_Tout_Mobile_ DTV_Progress. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2010-01-13. [28] Dickson, Glen (2010-01-09). â€Å"NAB Shows Off New Spectrum Applications† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 443352-NAB_Shows_Off_New_Spectrum_Applications. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2010-01-13.

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